Types and degree of hearing loss
Hearing loss is not a single condition. Understanding the type and degree of hearing loss
is the first step towards appropriate management.
Conductive hearing loss
Sound cannot pass efficiently through outer and middle ear into the inner ear. This kind of hearing loss is often temporary and treatable- understanding the underlying cause of hearing loss is important for management
Common causes:
- Ear wax (cerumen) blockage
- Glue ear or middle ear fluid
- Ear infections
- ear drum perforation
- Otosclerosis
- Eustachian tube dysfunction
Sensorineural hearing loss
Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. The most common type of permanent hearing loss. Amplification or cochlear implant can significantly improve function
Common causes:
- Age related changes (presbycusis)
- Noise exposure
- Ototoxic medications
- Viral or bacterial infections (eg: meningitis)
- Genetic conditions
- Congenital conditions
Mixed hearing loss
Both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss in the same ear. Both components are identified separately on the audiogram and managed accordingly
Example:
- Age related hearing loss combined with middle ear disease
- Both components require individual management